The most comprehensive knowledge of steel structure

1、 What is steel structure

What is steel structure? In terms of scientific research language, steel structure should be mainly made of stainless steel plates, which is one of the key types of construction engineering structures. Stainless steel plate is characterized by high tensile strength, light net weight, good overall rigidity and strong deformation ability, so it is particularly suitable for building large span and very high and super heavy buildings. Steel structures are steel beams, steel columns, steel pipe trusses and other components made of steel grains and carbon steel plates; The electric welding, anchor screw or rivet connection structure shall be selected for each component or the middle of the component.

2、 Features of steel structure

1. Stainless steel plate is plastic, with good plastic deformation, uniform raw materials, high structural reliability, suitable for bearing destructive driving force load, and has good building seismic grade characteristics. The internal structure of stainless steel plate is uniform and tends to various homogeneous protoplasms. The specific operational characteristics of steel structures are more consistent with the basic knowledge of calculation. Therefore, the reliability of steel structure is high.

2. The material has high tensile strength, light net weight, high bolt strength and high elastic abrasives. Compared with concrete and wood, the proportion of density and compressive strength is relatively low. Therefore, under the condition of the same bearing capacity, the steel structure has small member section and light self component, which is conducive to transportation and installation. It is suitable for large span, high height and load-bearing structure.

3. The airtightness of the steel structure is cost-effective. Because the welded structure can ensure complete airtightness, it can be made into airtightness, especially good for high pressure vessels, large, medium and small sewage tanks, and Class II pressure vessels.

4. The steel structure is safe against heat and fire. When the temperature is below 150 ℃, the characteristics of stainless steel plate do not change much. Therefore, thermal production lines can be used for steel structures, but when the structure surface is exposed to thermal radiation of about 150 ℃, thermal insulation materials shall be selected for maintenance in all aspects. At 300 ℃ - 400 ℃ The bolt strength and elastic abrasives are significantly reduced. When the temperature is about 600 ℃, the tensile strength of stainless steel plate tends to zero. For the construction of engineering projects with unique fire safety regulations, the steel structure shall be maintained with fire-resistant insulation materials in all aspects to improve the flame retardant level.

5. The corrosion resistance of steel structures is poor, especially in the humid and corroded material environment. General steel structure shall be rust proof, hot-dip galvanized or industrial coating, and shall be maintained. For the submarine inductive service platform structure at sea level, unusual preventive measures such as "zinc block anode maintenance" shall be adopted to provide corrosion resistance.

6. Steel structure production, processing and installation automation machinery technology is high, and steel structure components are conducive to production and processing in the manufacturer and assembly at the construction site. The manufacturer's automatic machinery production and processing of finished steel structure components is highly precise, with high production efficiency, and the assembly speed at the construction site is reasonably fast. Steel structure is one of the most intelligent structures.

3、 Trend History of Steel Structure Development

In the early stage of our country, there would be an unusual cast in the iron structure. However, because of the constraints of the feudal society in our country, scientific research did not develop, so in our country for more than 2000 years, it remained at the level of iron buildings for a long time. It was not until the 19th and 20th centuries that intelligent system steel structures were just selected in China. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the use of steel structures has a great development trend, which is far beyond the past in terms of quantity and quality. After 2000, China's social and economic development has significantly improved, its international status has significantly enhanced, and China's steel production has become a major economic country. Around the year 2008, driven by the Olympic Games, there was an upsurge of steel structure construction projects, strong market demand, which promoted the rapid development of steel structure construction projects. A large number of steel structure exhibition halls, airports, subway entrances and high-rise buildings were completed. Among them, some steel structure construction projects have the world-class level in terms of manufacturing and installation expertise, such as the Olympic Bird's Nest Stadium and other construction projects. We have achieved a relatively high level in planning, production, processing, installation and other professional aspects, and mastered the overall planning scheme and construction technology for the construction of numerous complex projects.

4、 Main characteristics of steel structure

Wind resistance

The net weight of steel structure construction project is relatively light, the tensile strength is high, the overall rigidity is good, and the deformation is strong. The net weight of the project construction is only one fifth of that of the brick concrete structure, which can withstand the 70 meter hurricane every second, so that the life industry can obtain effective daily maintenance.

Durability

Most of the flat roofs of low rise villas are sloping roofs, so most of the flat roof structures are managed by the triangular portal steel frame system made of cold drawn steel members. After the structural plates are sealed and gypsum boards are collected, the light steel structural members form a very stable "plate rib structure system management". This structure system management has a stronger ability to build seismic grade and resist horizontal loads, Areas with seismic grade above 9 can be built.

Insulation

The expected sound insulation effect is a key indicator to identify the residence. The windows managed and installed by the light steel structure system are made of double insulated glass. The actual sound insulation effect is particularly good, and the sound insulation reaches more than 40 sound shells; The wall is composed of light steel keel partition and thermal insulation material gypsum board, and the expected sound insulation effect can reach 60 sound shells.

Thermal insulation

The selected thermal insulation material is mainly glass wool board, which has good thermal insulation expected effect. The thermal insulation materials used for the wall prevent the "deformation" of the wall in a scientific and reasonable way, and achieve a better expected effect of thermal insulation. The thermal resistance value of R15 thermal insulation material with a thickness of about 100mm can be suitable for the wall with a thickness of 1m.

Physical and mental health

Dry construction can reduce the air pollution caused by waste to the ecological environment. The steel structure materials of houses can be 100% recycled, and the materials of other service facilities can also be mostly recycled, which is consistent with the current environmental awareness; All materials are green and energy-saving. Considering the requirements of ecological environment governance, they are good for health.

Performance

All the light steel structure residential structures are composed of cold drawn thick wall pipe steel members, which are managed by the system. The anchor is made of very corrosion resistant and high toughness cold rolled galvanized sheet, which effectively prevents the hazard of corrosion of carbon steel plates during the whole process of construction and use, and improves the service life of light steel structure members. The service life of the structure shall be 100 years.

Comfort

The wall of light steel structure is managed by an efficient energy-saving and environmental protection system, which has breathing effect and can adjust the humidity of indoor air pollution; The roof has the effect of air circulation, which can form a mobile vapor space above the roof to ensure the air circulation and heat dissipation regulations inside the roof.